Gum Diseases: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Options
Gum diseases are a common problem that seriously affects oral health. Conditions such as infection, swelling and recession of the gums threaten the health of the teeth and may have negative effects on general health.
In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, causes and treatment options of gum diseases in detail.
Symptoms of Gum Diseases
1. Bleeding: The most common symptom of gum disease is bleeding gums when brushing or flossing. Healthy gums usually do not bleed.
2. Swelling and redness: Infected gums usually swell and become red. This is common in the early stages of gum disease.
3. Sensitivity: Sensitivity of the gums can occur especially when consuming hot, cold or sweet foods. This sensitivity can be caused by recession or infection of the gums.
4. Bad Breath: A persistent bad odour in the mouth can be a sign of gum disease. This odour occurs as a result of infection.
5. Gum Recession: The gums moving away from the teeth and exposing the root surfaces is known as gingival recession. This may cause the teeth to appear longer.
6. Loose Teeth: In advanced stages of gum disease, teeth may become loose or displaced. This is caused by the loss of the supporting tissue of the teeth.
Causes of Gum Diseases
1. Plaque and Tartar Accumulation: The main cause of gum diseases is plaque accumulation on the teeth and gums. Plaque is a sticky layer of bacteria and food particles. Plaque hardens over time and turns into tartar and causes gum disease.
2. Poor Oral Hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly increases plaque build-up and increases the risk of gum disease.
3. Smoking and Tobacco Products: Smoking and other tobacco products damage the gums and slow down the healing process. Smokers have a higher risk of gum disease.
4. Genetic Factors: Some people are genetically more prone to gum diseases. Individuals with a family history of gum disease should be more careful.
5. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes such as pregnancy, menopause and menstrual cycle can make the gums more sensitive and increase the risk of disease.
6. Diabetes: Diabetes reduces the body’s ability to deal with infections and increases the risk of gum disease. Diabetic individuals should pay more attention to oral hygiene.
Treatment Options for Gum Diseases
1. Professional Cleaning: Professional dental cleaning by a dentist can treat gum disease by removing plaque and tartar build-up. This procedure is effective in the early stages of gum disease.
2. Root Surface Smoothing (Scaling and Root Planing): This treatment method removes plaque and tartar deposits from the tooth roots and smooths the root surfaces. This encourages the gums to reattach to the teeth.
3. Antibiotic Treatment: Antibiotic treatment may sometimes be needed to control gum infection. Antibiotics speed up the healing process by reducing bacterial infections.
4. Surgical Interventions: In advanced gum diseases, surgical interventions may be required to repair the gums and supporting tissues. Methods such as flap surgery or grafting are used to treat gum disease.
5. Laser Treatment: Laser treatment is a modern method used to treat gum diseases. Lasers precisely eliminate infected tissues and improve gum health.
6. Good Oral Hygiene: The most important step in the prevention and treatment of gum diseases is regular oral hygiene. Brushing at least twice a day, flossing and regular dental check-ups are essential for healthy gums.
