The most common cause of stains on teeth is the food and beverages we consume frequently in our daily lives. Especially products with high pigment content such as coffee, tea, red wine and acidic fruit juices can cause tooth enamel discolouration over time.

The use of tobacco products also causes distinctive stains on the teeth. Smoking and other tobacco products not only change the colour of the teeth, but also have a negative impact on oral health in general.

Poor oral hygiene habits cause plaque to accumulate on the teeth and these plaques turn into tartar over time and cause staining. In addition, as the tooth enamel becomes thinner with age, the underlying dentin layer becomes visible and a yellowish discolouration of the teeth may occur. Genetic factors can also be effective in determining the natural structure of the teeth and their susceptibility to discolouration.

Transparent aligners are digitally designed specifically for the patient’s tooth structure. Thanks to three-dimensional scans, the condition of the teeth before and after treatment is planned in detail. The transparent aligners produced in accordance with this plan are changed at certain intervals, allowing the teeth to gradually return to the desired position.

Teeth whitening is a cosmetic dentistry application that removes stains and discolouration on the tooth enamel and restores the natural whiteness of the teeth. Tooth colour may turn yellow over time due to age, eating and drinking habits and oral care. The whitening procedure reverses these discolourations and provides a more aesthetic appearance.

1. Bonding (Composite Filling)
It is preferred for small cracks or minor fractures. The damaged area is filled with a composite resin material suitable for the colour of the tooth and an aesthetic appearance is provided. The process is fast and usually completed in one session.

2. Porcelain Lamina (Lamina Veneer)
It is used especially for aesthetic concerns in the front teeth. Thin porcelain leaves are glued to the front surface of the tooth, both cracks are closed and an aesthetic smile is obtained.

3. Crown (Veneer) Application
It is preferred in cases of larger fractures or when the tooth has lost its durability. A specially prepared coating is placed on the tooth, allowing the tooth to regain its function and appearance.

4. Root Canal Treatment
It is applied in cases where the crack or fracture reaches the nerves of the tooth. The infected pulp (nerve-vascular tissue) is removed, the canal is cleaned and filled and a crown is usually placed on it.

5. Tooth Extraction
If the broken or fractured tooth is too damaged to be saved and other treatment options are insufficient, the tooth may need to be extracted. Then restorative treatment options such as implants or bridges are considered.

1. Wear of Tooth Enamel
   Tooth enamel is the outermost layer that protects the teeth. Habits such as frequent consumption of acidic foods and beverages, hard brushing or clenching can cause the enamel to wear down over time. This causes the dentin layer underneath to be exposed and cause sensitivity.

2. Gum Recession
   Gums can recede due to gum disease or incorrect brushing techniques. When the gums recede, the root surface of the tooth is exposed and this area becomes sensitive to hot, cold or sweet foods.

3. Acidic and Sugary Foods
   Carbonated drinks, citrus fruits, vinegar and sugary foods can weaken tooth enamel. This causes the teeth to be more sensitive to external influences.

4. Wrong Tooth Brushing Techniques
   Using toothbrushes with very hard bristles or brushing the teeth with excessive pressure can damage the tooth enamel over time. Incorrect techniques can also cause the gums to recede.

5. Tooth Decay and Cracks
   Tooth decay or cracks can expose areas closer to the nerves. This increases sensitivity.

6. Tooth Grinding (Bruxism)
   Unwittingly clenching or grinding the teeth at night or during the day can cause the tooth enamel to wear down. This is also a factor that increases sensitivity.

7. Sensitivity After Dental Treatments
   Temporary sensitivity may be experienced after filling, root canal treatment or bleaching procedures. Such conditions usually resolve within a few days or weeks.

1. 1. Stain Formation on Teeth
      Coffee and tea can cause staining over time by sticking to the tooth enamel due to the pigments called chromogen it contains. Especially when consumed regularly, it can cause teeth to lose their natural whiteness and turn yellow.

   2. Acidic Structure and Enamel Abrasion
      Coffee and tea have a low pH value, i.e. they are acidic drinks. When consumed continuously, they can erode the tooth enamel and cause sensitivity. Thinning of the enamel layer over time can make teeth more vulnerable to external factors.

   3. May Cause Dry Mouth
      The caffeine contained in coffee and tea can cause dehydration in the body. Insufficient saliva production makes it difficult to clean the teeth and may increase the risk of caries by causing bacteria to multiply.

   4. May Increase Tooth Decay
      Sugar or sweeteners added to tea and coffee can increase the risk of caries formation by supporting the formation of bacteria in the mouth. Sugary coffee and tea consumption is one of the important factors that threaten dental health.

When we wake up in the morning, a bad taste and odour may occur in the mouth. The main reason for this is the decrease in saliva production during the night and the proliferation of bacteria. Brushing your teeth in the morning:

• Cleans the bacteria accumulated during the night.
• It helps to freshen breath in the morning and prevent bad breath.
• Brushing before breakfast prevents bacteria from sticking to the tooth surface.
• Brushing after breakfast can help protect tooth enamel, especially after acidic foods.

Some experts say that brushing before breakfast protects tooth enamel by eliminating bacteria, while others argue that brushing after breakfast is more effective. Those who prefer brushing after breakfast are recommended to wait for 30 minutes, especially after consuming acidic foods (orange juice, coffee, yoghurt, etc.).

Caring for dentures not only keeps the denture clean, but also protects oral health. Without regular maintenance, bacteria, fungus and plaque accumulation may occur on the denture surface. This can cause bad breath, gum problems and infections.

1. Fruit Desserts

   • Fruits containing natural sugars such as bananas, strawberries, apples and dates are a great choice to meet your sweet need.
   • You can suppress your sweet cravings in a healthier way by adding some cinnamon or cocoa on it.

2. Yogurt and Honey Mixes

   • You can create a natural dessert by adding a small amount of honey and fruit into the sugar-free yoghurt.
   • Thanks to its probiotic content, it supports the oral flora and helps fight harmful bacteria.

3. Dark Chocolate

   • Dark chocolate, which is low in sugar and high in cocoa, is an excellent alternative for sweet crises.
   • Thanks to its flavonoids, it can help strengthen tooth enamel.

4. Dates or Banana with Hazelnut Paste

   • Unsweetened hazelnut or almond paste offers a healthy dessert alternative when consumed with bananas or dates.
   • Since it does not contain refined sugar, the risk of damaging your teeth is low.

5. Chia Seed Puddings

   • You can prepare a healthy and tooth-friendly dessert by mixing chia seeds with milk or vegetable milk and adding fruit.
   • You can prepare a healthy and tooth-friendly dessert by mixing chia seeds with milk or vegetable milk and adding fruit.

6. Oatmeal and Sugar Free Cookies

   • Oat-based cookies, sweetened with dates or honey instead of refined sugar, allow you to meet your sweet need without risking dental health.

7. Homemade Ice Cream

   • You can make a healthy ice cream by mixing it with banana, yoghurt and a little honey and freezing it.
   • Since it does not contain additives and excess sugar, the risk of causing tooth decay is low.

1. Medication
   Many medications, especially antihistamines, depression medications, painkillers and blood pressure medications, can inhibit the functioning of the salivary glands. This can lead to dry mouth. If you take regular medication, it may be helpful to tell your doctor about dry mouth.

2. Ageing
   Saliva production may decrease as we age. This is generally more common in the elderly and can cause dry mouth.

3. Dehydration
   Not drinking enough water is one of the simplest but effective causes of dry mouth. Dehydration of the body can adversely affect saliva production.

4. Mouth breathing
   Mouth breathing due to nasal congestion or allergies can lead to dry mouth. Mouth breathing, especially during sleep, can reduce saliva production.

5. Cancer Treatment (Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy)
   Drugs and radiation used during cancer treatments can affect the salivary glands, which can cause dry mouth.